Commentary

Human road kill

A team of British psychologists appears to have identified why it has become so unsafe to be on or near a modern roadway unless encased in a cage of steel and coined a word for it: “Motonormativity.”

Motonormativity, according to the team led by researcher Ian Walker, defines the “unconscious biases due to cultural assumptions about the role of private cars” that excuses bad driving for causing death and leads political leaders to dismiss the need to protect pedestrians and cyclists – so-called “vulnerable road users” – from cars and trucks.

Put simply, the researchers contend that many Western societies are now conditioned to believe that the deaths of vulnerable road users are nothing more than the price that must be paid to satisfy desires for transportation systems designed to make travel by motor vehicle as fast and as easy as possible.

Thus when a pedestrian is rundown on Anchorage’s Abbott Road as happened in broad daylight on Saturday afternoon, and the Anchorage Police Department actually charges the driver involved in the collision – something which almost never happens in Alaska’s largest city – some rush to the defend the driver.

“….There were several witnesses on the scene who stated the driver wasn’t at fault,” someone identifying as Tiphanie Huckstep promptly posted on the APD Facebook page in the wake of the accident, “and the person ran out in the road in front of the vehicle in a way they believe he wasn’t able to prevent the accident. There was a field sobriety test and the only other one done was a blood test, but those must have come back already right? Just asking since having him blow didn’t produce results and I watched the field sobriety test done on uneven around and I didnt see any signs of impairment? I’m no an official, but a bystander and these details paint someone in an unfair light. I’d like the results of the blood test being completed before you put this poor kid on blast. I’m sure he experienced some shock and trauma today as well.”

There is no mention of how fast 22-year-old Jaden Jabaay was driving when he struck and killed 20-year-old Jasper Bowers, a veteran of the fabled Seward Mount Marathon, but speed is always a factor in collisions that leave pedestrians dead.

According to the American Automobile Association (AAA), 90 percent of people hit by a car doing 23 mph or less survive, and 75 percent survive being struck at speeds between 24 and 32 mph. After that, the odds fall fast with 50 percent survival at 42 mph, 25 percent at 50 mph and 10 percent at 58 mph or more.

“Risks vary significantly by age,” the AAA’s Foundation for Traffic Safety adds. “For example, the average risk of severe injury or death for a 70‐year‐old pedestrian struck by a car travelling at 25 mph is similar to the risk for a 30‐year‐old pedestrian struck at 35 mph.”

That didn’t help Bowers.

Abbott Road is a suburban thoroughfare with a posted speed limit of 45 mph, but people regularly drive the road at 55 mph or faster, and many ignore environmental conditions that can, in winter’s such as this, render the 45 mph limit too fast.

“Safety issues have…increased, with growing speeds and volumes of traffic on roads that are often icy and slick,” the Municipalities 2010 Hillside District Plan warned. The plan was full of concerns about traffic speeds and safety, but nothing happened to lessen those dangers after the plan was written.

Lowering road speeds in Anchorage is unpopular, and the speed limits on city streets are rarely enforced. APD efforts to catch speeding drivers largely focus on the Seward and Glenn Highways, where pedestrian access is banned. Speeding on roads used by vulnerable road users is virtually non-existent.

Politics

There are good reasons.

Speeding, as the British researchers noted, “is an illegal behavior practiced by most drivers that is widely indulged by the public, the media, and the justice system. The treatment of speeding and dangerous driving can be contrasted with other infringements of law that are much more socially disapproved, such as littering, graffiti, public drunkenness, or street noise, unless that noise comes from motor vehicles, of course.

“But if (this) motonormativity were just the casual acceptance of illegal and antisocial behavior we would be writing (this paper) for a criminological audience; perhaps more serious is that motonormative thinking is also endemic in the medical and sustainability worlds and the surrounding policy spheres.  It is at the root of how we address vulnerable road user injury by asking what the victims were wearing  rather than why they were expected to mix in the first place with vehicles carrying thousands of tons more kinetic energy.”

This victim-blaming behavior emerged in the wake of Bowers’ death, too, with one post on the APD Facebook page suggesting “jaywalking,” as if it were illegal for pedestrians to cross the endless number of roads in the municipality lacking crosswalks, and another claimed that Bowers shouldn’t have been where he was because it was a “private driveway.”

Absolving drivers of any responsibility for killing people does not make for better drivers, and the results are written in blood.

“More than 7,000 pedestrians were killed on (U.S.) roads in crashes involving a motor vehicle in 2020,” according to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). “That’s about one death every 75 minutes.

“One in six people who died in crashes in 2020 were pedestrians. Most pedestrian deaths occur in urban areas, on roadway locations away from intersections – where higher speeds might occur – and at night.”

Often, the dead are victims of both bad transportation corridor design that ignores anything but motor-vehicle traffic and bad drivers. The Governors Highway Safety Association is now reporting the pedestrian death toll rose to near 7,500 in 2021. Their preliminary data suggests “drivers struck and killed 7,485 people walking in 2021 – the most in a single year in four decades.”

The death rate, according to the association’s numbers, was 20 percent above the long-term average, and the “data analysis revealed a troubling statistic: The percentage of speeding-related pedestrian deaths among children younger than 15 has more than doubled since 2018, from 5.8 percent to 11.9 percent.”

Some parents have noticed.

Drive Like Your Kids Live Here” signs appear to be sprouting like dandelions all over the country – and yes, even in Anchorage – but there are no indications they are slowing drivers down or making them any more attentive.

A sign posted last summer near the intersection of Abbott and Elmore roads, not far from where Bowers was hit and killed by a motorist over the weekend/Craig Medred photo

 

There seems more concern about the “shock and trauma” of someone behind the wheel of a car that kills a fellow human though some of them seem no more bothered by this than if they had killed a moose or someone’s pet dog.

With a young man dead along Abbott Road,  the concern for some became the possibility the driver behind the wheel was being painted “in an unfair light,” but this is exactly the reason why APD itself rarely identifies the drivers involved in fatal collisions. Killing someone with your car is generally considered an “accident,”  in the view of local police.

And when there is an accident, according to a department spokeswoman, the agency doesn’t “identify people unless charges are filed.”

This sort of behavior on the part of authorities, according to the researchers from Swansea University’s Walkers and colleagues from the University of West of England, helps define the Theory of Motonormativity which identifies “a cultural inability to think objectively and dispassionately….aris(ing)because of shared, largely unconscious assumptions about how travel is, and must continue to be, primarily a car-based activity.”

When two days after the Abbott Road death another pedestrian was killed by a hit-and-run driver in the early morning hours along  Spenard Road in Anchorage, the first post on the APD Facebook page again put the blame on the dead person:

“I live by here. People run across from the Alex (Hotel and Suites) to the store all the time. All hours of the day. Crosswalk is 100 feet away. It was not if. But when.

“In saying that. Running. Come on man.”

The thinking beyond such posts is based on the now normal idea that anyone venturing onto or near a roadway without the protection of a steel cage is accepting the risk of being killed – asking for it, if you will – and thus if they are killed, it is their fault. There is, ironically, far less public acceptance of one driver running his or her car into another and killing someone than in a driver killing a vulnerable road user because the death of the vulnerable road user is expected in such collisions while the steel cage is supposed to protect people.

The societal costs of such thinking are, unfortunately, not limited to the deaths of the relatively small number of innocent people run down and killed by motor vehicles on the road. The societal costs have been far greater – albeit less obvious – in the damage to public health.

“Here in the United Kingdom, like in many societies around the world, we are in the midst of environmental degradation and no fewer than three parallel health epidemics thanks to the easy hypermobility afforded by private motor vehicles,’ the British researchers observed. “We have an epidemic of collisions, with 1,752 deaths and 25,945 serious injuries in 2019, the last year before the Covid pandemic, (and) we have an epidemic of physical inactivity responsible for 22 to 23 percent of coronary heart disease, 16 to 17 percent of colon cancer, 15 percent of diabetes, 12 to 13 percent of strokes and 11 percent of breast cancer despite 24 percent of car trips being under two miles and so mostly amenable to walking or cycling.

“And we have an epidemic of pollution  with vehicle exhaust fumes causing cancer, heart disease and diabetes at such levels that (Royal College of Physicians) estimates have put the UK air pollution death toll at 40,000 per year.”

U.S. deaths linked to a general lack of fitness and obesity are as high or higher than those in the UK, and though no one has yet to do the study tying pandemic deaths to lack and fitness and obesity, the number when it comes in is sure to be a big one. British researchers at the very start of the pandemic calculated that slow walkers –  slow walking being an easy measure of basic fitness – had about a two-and-a-half times greater chance of dying from Covid-19 than brisk walkers.

The motor vehicle was one of humankind’s greatest inventions of the 20th century, but the motonormativity it spawned is now making the species pay in many ways. We have met the enemy, and it is parked in our driveways and garages.

Forget about any future issues with global warming, motonormativity is causing big-time problems in the here and now. And the holy grail of climate change crusaders – the electric car – won’t fix these problems.

“Even a future switch to electric vehicles would address only one of (the) three epidemics,” Walker and his colleagues wrote. “It is
clear we must acknowledge a simple fact: transport issues are not just environmental issues: they are also inherently public health issues.”

But who wants to face those facts when it’s a lot easier to get in the car and drive a few blocks to a friend’s house for dinner than to walk there?

 

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23 Comments
3 years ago

It is now Feb 5, 2023. I looked up Jaden Jabaay on Courtview. No case is listed for 2023 against him. Looks like APD or the DA dropped all charges against him. Why don’t you investigate this issue? All too often we look at a case when it initially happens, then never follow through to see what happens later on as the case goes through the system. Why don’t you investigate this? Why are there no charges against Jaden? At least an OUI charge?

3 years ago

This is a horrible tragedy. Perhaps in the future technology will render these stories a thing of the past. Even now many cars come with lane keeping assist, driver distraction assist and automated pedestrian braking. Maybe fully automated cars are not too far away. An end to intoxicated drivers , sleepy drivers and pedestrian deaths would be a welcome advancement.

3 years ago

“……..There were several witnesses on the scene who stated the driver wasn’t at fault,” someone identifying as Tiphanie Huckstep promptly posted on the APD Facebook page in the wake of the accident, “and the person ran out in the road in front of the vehicle in a way they believe he wasn’t able to prevent the accident……..”
Did he, or did he not, dart out onto the roadway into motor vehicle traffic? Can we not accept the statements of “several witnesses” in this tragedy?

3 years ago

I’m a friend of Jasper’s. thank you for this. ❤️

3 years ago

The 5 Basic Laws of Human Stupidity
Law 1: Everyone always and inevitably underestimates the number of stupid people in circulation.
Law 2: The probability that a person is stupid is independent of any other characteristic of that person.
Law 3. A stupid person is a person who causes losses to another person or group of people when he or she does not benefit and may even suffer losses.
Law 4: Non-stupid people always underestimate the destructive power of stupid individuals.
Law 5: A stupid person is the most dangerous type of person.

I submit that the majority of drivers are stupid people. In the area I live, it was reported that over 20 moose were killed in the last couple weeks alone. Now the majority of us know that we are in Alaska and that it’s dark in the winter in Alaska and that it’s cold in the winter in Alaska and that snow and ice on a dark frozen road makes it harder to stop a vehicle. And yet a majority of us drive as if it’s summertime and we can see like it’s daylight and that ice slick roads don’t exist.

There are already laws on the books regarding speed limits and driving based upon the conditions, maybe we need to have summer and winter speed limits posted and then enforce those limits?

3 years ago
Reply to  Steve-O

“…….I submit that the majority of drivers are stupid people…….”
I submit that the majority of pedestrians who dart out onto roadways in front of motor vehicles must also, by your logic, be stupid people. Maybe even more stupid than the drivers wrapped and belted inside steel cages with very expensive crash bags designed to prevent physical trauma.
Or one might accept that accidents like this have been occurring worldwide for a good century now, and the best way to avoid them is to limit your bodily exposure to motor vehicles.

3 years ago

The notion that the motorist is virtually always at fault and the pedestrian absolved from responsibility in car pedestrian encounters is problematic. Surely, motorists should attempt to yield to pedestrians, but putting a 4,000 pound auto in evasive maneuvers is dicey and time consuming. On the other hand pedestrians can stop almost instantly. Pedestrians can change direction almost instantly. Yet we have evolved to this notion that pedestrians always has the right of way. This assumption has given too many pedestrians the idea that they have invincibility. That applies to our thinking about bicyclists as well.

How many times have you driven on Ingra, Gamble or the Seward Highway and witnessed pedestrians jaywalking? And it isn’t casual jaywalking, they run across the streets in poorly timed opportunities to avoid autos traveling 45 MPH. Strike one of those jaywalkers with your car and your whole life will get turned upside down. The presumption of the authorities and the ADN is you could have avoided the collision.

This morning I was amazed watching some fool on a bicycle attempting to navigate Spenard Road. He was all over the place swinging wildly into oncoming traffic. I don’t know the outcome of his ride, but if some hapless driver had struck the bicyclist with an auto the presumption of guilt is on the auto driver. That is wrong!

3 years ago
Reply to  craigmedred

Craig, You have morphed my comments into something not said and never intended. I have no qualms about holding drivers accountable in collisions with pedestrians when the driver has violated some precept or law regarding operation of motor vehicles. That said, I am skeptical of your avowed observation that “six cars in a row blow through the red light.” I’ve never seen that in Anchorage and my friends at APD laughed when I showed them your comment. Hyperbole and facts have always had a difficult relationship.

Your attempt at obfuscation by bringing into the conversation events that having nothing to do with my thesis is irrelevant. The Glenn Highway moped incident is a perfect example. For the record, mopeds are illegal on the Glenn Highway, so I see not what that has to do with pedestrian car collisions.

There is not a driver in Anchorage who does not believe we have a problem with jay walkers crossing busy streets while wearing dark clothes. There isn’t a driver in Anchorage who has not seen one of those jaywalkers appear from nowhere and was not greatly relieved they did not strike that person with their auto. When that collision does occur the hapless driver is burdened with enormous financial and emotional problems. In almost all cases that is caused by a pedestrian inebriated and/or walking in automotive territory in total disregard of the circumstances.

I still maintain it is far easier for a pedestrian to avoid a automobile than it is for an automobile to avoid a pedestrian who wanders into traffic. The law should reflect that fundamental fact.

3 years ago
Reply to  Donald Smith

Here’s a bit of a thought experiment:

A schizophrenic walks out into traffic on Tudor and jumps about yelling and screaming. Is the security of the pedestrian more important than the incremental time it takes you to get to your destination?

In as much as this actually happened I suppose I was not surprised that at least half the people present seemed more than willing to drive through the fellow providing there was no damage to their vehicle.

You are operating a 1 ton death machine that is involved in the death and/or injury of millions. Cease with the whataboutisms, check your privilege, recognize that one day you might require some compassion, and slow the fuck down.

3 years ago

Hi, Craig. I live in Northern Ireland these days (had lived in England for 15 years before that) and moved there from Anchorage back in 2006.

As we moved to London, we didn’t use or want a car, so we started walking. Not only dropped weight, but picked up some light asthma from the pollutants in the London area until we decided to move away from the city in 2021.

From there, life even got better for health. No more asthma at all, and given more walking here in good country air, along with better eating, at my best weight since I was 18. So, why this reply?

It’s because we’ve lived without a car in a town of only 23,000 people miles from a large city — and we’re doing it. We’re known locally as ‘those guys who walk’ for here as well as everywhere with cars supported so deeply, people just don’t walk. And the roads show it. Little regard for bike and walk safety; that general attitude that walkers are the problem as they think they have ‘some sort of right to cross the roads wherever they want’. It’s all about the free flow of motorcars here, too.

And it is still getting worse from the time I was a teenager in Anchorage and having people shout at me to ‘Get a horse!’ or ‘Couldn’t pass the test or something?’ kind of comments. So, one is either too poor to own a car or too stupid to own one, evidently. All to say, it’s one more prejudice heaped upon another.

I drove for four decades. I finally gave it up for health and our air, but what I’ve learned since is what you’re writing about: We are far too dependent and have built everything to benefit travel by autos, to the detriment of other means. And drviers don’t see it. They really do believe people who walk are weird, at the very least. They know the RIGHT WAY to exercise is to get in one’s car, drive to the gym, exercise, and then hop in the car again to go through a taco drive-through for lunch.

Oh well. No, they don’t understand. The car has grabbed their minds. And across the world, in one place after another, we live in places built for cars rather than people. Silly, stupid and harmful in so many ways — but folk can’t see it until they get out of their cars & walk. And take the risks of pitting themselves against two tons of metal every day, to see what it’s like.

RIP, Jasper. You left far too soon. I’m on your side.

3 years ago

Motorized vehicles are one of the greatest freedoms and pleasures we have in our human society – ever since oil was discovered and the combustion engine was perfected. The primary problem, exacerbated by our snow berms and slow street plowing problems is the moving vehicles and pedestrians are crowded together.
Perhaps we should begin to develop an alternative transportation system for pedestrians, bicycles, and ev’s with a size and 10mph speed limit. This system would have it’s own plowing and maintenance staff to manage operations.

3 years ago

Another good article, Craig; keep them coming. One thing about this one though: You make some good points BUT kind of one sided. I’d take a more balanced approach: BOTH drivers AND pedestrians need to use common sense and take basic safety precautions.

3 years ago

“Alcohol was involved for the driver and/or pedestrian in nearly half (46%) of crashes that resulted in a pedestrian death in 2019.”

https://www.cdc.gov/transportationsafety/pedestrian_safety/index.html

3 years ago

The Assembly is paralyzed by fear and refuses to even consider that we need to:
* Reduce speed limits to 30km/hr on residential streets and 50km/hr on collectors
* Automated speed enforcement
* Day fines
* civil in rem enforcement against vehicles
* planning and design that puts the most vulnerable FIRST (not last)
* effective public transport

We have known how to do this and many countries have been very successful, especially Scandinavian venues.

We have to acknowledge that oyr refusal to do anything renders us culpable in tge deaths and injuries of others

3 years ago

There are many factors involved, and if we want to make pedestrians and cyclists safer all we need is the will to do so. First we have to recognise human ability, not the most skillful driver but the below average driver, and also we have to recognise how people drive, usually five over, or ten. We need to separate the two modes of transportation physically as much as possible. Simple as that.

We can’t legislate ability, and charging someone afterwards doesn’t reverse something that has already happened. We need to design things such that the injury doesn’t occur in the first place.

Much of road use by runners and cyclists here is for recreation. Seems like we could re direct that to somewhere else. Make designated bike paths and auto routes.